Market research for doing business in China

If you want do business in China you need to know the regulations, market structure, competition and what investments you should make.

In this article I will provide basic information about the country and highlight how you can collect and evaluate all the information that you need.

Market research

Doing business in China

China, as the world’s second-largest economy, is a critical market for businesses looking to expand internationally. Its massive consumer base, rapid urbanization, and growing middle class offer unparalleled opportunities. However, understanding China’s unique market dynamics, regulatory environment, and consumer behavior is essential for success.

Key Market Numbers

China’s economic scale and diversity make it a complex but rewarding market. Here are the key statistics:

  • Population: Approximately 1.41 billion (2023), the largest in the world.
  • GDP per capita: Around $13,000 USD (2023), with significant regional disparities between urban and rural areas.
  • Urbanization: Over 64% of the population lives in urban areas, with major cities like Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen driving economic growth.
  • Economic Structure: Services account for 54% of GDP, followed by industry (39%) and agriculture (7%). Key industries include technology, manufacturing, and e-commerce.
  • Ageing Population: Yes, China faces an ageing population challenge, with 18% of its population aged 65 or older. This impacts labor markets and increases demand for healthcare and senior-focused products.

Language and Documentation

Language and cultural nuances play a significant role in doing business in China.

  • Official Language: Mandarin Chinese is the official language and is widely used in all business and consumer interactions.
  • Language Considerations: While English proficiency is growing, especially in urban areas and among younger professionals, Mandarin is essential for effective communication. Translating marketing materials, contracts, and product documentation into Chinese is often a legal and practical requirement.
  • Packaging and Documentation: Chinese regulations mandate the use of simplified Chinese for product labels, manuals, and marketing materials, especially in regulated industries like food, pharmaceuticals, and electronics. Non-compliance can result in fines or product bans.

Consumer and B2B Buying Behavior

China’s consumer and business landscapes are heavily influenced by digitalization and cultural preferences.

  • Consumer Behavior: Chinese consumers prioritize quality, brand reputation, and innovation. E-commerce dominates the market, with over 70% of retail sales occurring online in 2023. Platforms like Tmall, JD.com, and Pinduoduo are essential for market entry. Sustainability and health-consciousness are rising trends, especially among younger consumers.
  • B2B Buying Behavior: Chinese businesses value relationships (known as “guanxi”), trust, and reputation. Decision-making processes can be hierarchical and time-intensive, requiring patience and persistence. Local partners or representatives often ease market entry.
  • Online Presence: A strong digital strategy, including a presence on Chinese social media platforms like WeChat and Weibo, is crucial for both B2C and B2B engagement. Localized websites and SEO strategies optimized for Baidu are also essential.

Market Challenges and Opportunities

China offers significant opportunities but also unique challenges for foreign businesses.

  • Products/Services that May Struggle: Products that do not meet local tastes, lack localization, or fail to comply with strict regulatory standards may struggle. Luxury goods or premium products without a clear value proposition may face challenges due to rising competition.
  • Test Market Potential: China’s diverse regional markets make it an excellent test ground for scalable innovations. However, businesses must adapt to local preferences and rapidly evolving trends.
  • Regulatory Environment: China’s regulatory landscape can be complex and dynamic. Businesses should ensure compliance with local laws regarding product standards, taxation, and intellectual property rights.

Travel to China for a better impression

The best preparation for doing business in any country is visiting it. This way you can experience the culture, check the shops and build your network.

With Trip.com you can compare flights and also book your hotel.

Hotellook compares different hotel sites so you always have the best rate.

Localrent connects you to national rental car providers per country.

Use TGM for first market surveys

TGM Panel offers online market research with panels in over 50 countries, including China.

Through TGM Panel, you can easily distribute surveys to check on the attractiveness of your products, what alternatives they use or what would be a good price level. Check their website!

Topics to check before doing business

Where it comes to assessing the viability of a product or service in a new market, I always look at the following aspects:

1. Regulatory compliance

Can the product be imported and sold in the country, what are import duties and are there any restrictions on service delivery? What are the investments to comply to all regulations? 

2. Market needs

Is there a genuine demand for this product or service in the market and which aspects are decisive for the customers? What are common channels for marketing and sales?

3. Competition

How fierce is the competition and is there a clear market leader? Is there room for a new entrant and what happened to other companies trying to penetrate the market?

4. Investments

What steps are needed to enter the market and what are the related costs. How quickly can you expect revenue and what is a reasonable pay-back time?

You can of course find a lot of information yourself, especially about regulations. But in order to have a good view on the competition, you will have to search locally, visit retail outlets or talk with buyers. Only a local expert can do this.

Before you focus only on China

Please note that there are many countries in the world and the biggest ones or the ones nearby are not automatically the best choice. It all depends of the market growth, the competition and the barriers for entry. 

Therefore I would advise you to make a short-list of at least three, but preferably five potential new markets and compare them against the same criteria.

Frequently asked questions

In China all aspects count that you normally have in other countries. What are the relevant regulations? How big is the market? What competition will you face? And how much will it cost to enter the market? These questions will help you decide whether to enter the market or not.