Cross-border commercial due diligence in Asia

If you are going to invest in a company with international expansion plans, you want to make sure that their product or service has good chances of being successful in the countries where you have ambitions.

This of course is also important for Asia. Only with the right knowledge about demand, competition and regulations it is wise to invest in market entry.
Business people with handshake

Business opportunities in Asia

Asia is a vast and diverse region, comprising over 40 countries with varied economic conditions, cultures, and business environments. It is home to some of the world’s largest emerging markets and advanced economies, making it an essential region for global business expansion. This article provides an overview of the key commercial due diligence aspects when entering the Asian market.

Key Market Numbers

Asia’s economic size and diversity offer significant opportunities, but understanding the specific conditions of individual countries is crucial. Here are the key market numbers:

  • Population: Approximately 4.7 billion (2023), making up nearly 60% of the global population. The largest populations are in China, India, and Indonesia.
  • GDP per capita: Varies widely. Japan, South Korea, and Singapore have GDPs per capita above $50,000 USD, while countries like India and Indonesia are below $5,000 USD.
  • Urbanization: Over 50% of the population in Asia lives in urban areas, with rapid urbanization occurring in countries like China, India, and Vietnam. Mega-cities like Tokyo, Shanghai, and Mumbai serve as key economic hubs.
  • Economic Structure: Asia’s economies range from heavily industrialized (Japan, South Korea) to emerging markets with large agricultural sectors (India, Bangladesh). Services and manufacturing play key roles, particularly in countries like China, Japan, and India.
  • Ageing Population: Japan, South Korea, and China are experiencing rapidly ageing populations, creating opportunities in healthcare, eldercare, and financial planning services.

Language and Documentation

Asia’s linguistic diversity presents both challenges and opportunities for businesses entering the region. Language and documentation considerations are essential for success.

  • Official Languages: There are hundreds of languages spoken across Asia. Major languages include Mandarin (China), Hindi and English (India), Japanese (Japan), and Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesia). English is widely used in business, especially in Singapore, Hong Kong, and India.
  • Language Considerations: Localization of marketing, packaging, and product documentation into local languages is crucial, especially in non-English-speaking countries. In countries like India and Singapore, a mix of local languages and English is common in business contexts.
  • Packaging and Documentation: Different countries have their own packaging requirements, particularly for food, cosmetics, and electronics. Labels in local languages, adherence to local safety standards, and product-specific regulations must be considered.

Consumer and B2B Buying Behavior

Consumer and B2B buying behaviors in Asia vary greatly depending on the country, but there are common trends that businesses should understand.

  • Consumer Behavior: In many Asian markets, consumers are increasingly brand-conscious and tech-savvy. The rise of e-commerce is transforming shopping habits, particularly in China, India, and Southeast Asia. Online retail accounts for more than 20% of retail sales in countries like China and India (2023), with mobile commerce growing rapidly.
  • B2B Buying Behavior: B2B purchasing in Asia tends to be more relationship-driven than in Western markets. Trust and long-term partnerships are highly valued, and decision-making can often be hierarchical, particularly in countries like Japan, Korea, and China. Networking is essential in markets like Hong Kong and Singapore.
  • Online Presence: E-commerce platforms like Alibaba, Lazada, and Shopee dominate in Southeast Asia, while JD.com and Tmall lead in China. A localized digital strategy, including e-commerce platforms, social media, and local SEO, is critical for success in the region.

Market Challenges and Opportunities

While Asia offers vast opportunities, businesses should be aware of the challenges, including regulatory complexity, cultural differences, and market fragmentation.

  • Products/Services that May Struggle: Products or services that do not align with local tastes, cultural preferences, or regulatory standards may struggle. For example, Western food products may need to be adapted to local tastes in countries like China or India. Services that are highly reliant on standardized global approaches may face challenges due to varying regulations and consumer expectations.
  • Test Market Potential: Countries like Singapore, Hong Kong, and Malaysia are often seen as ideal test markets due to their developed infrastructure, business-friendly environments, and diverse, affluent consumer bases. Success in these countries can often be a precursor to broader expansion into other parts of Asia.
  • Regulatory Environment: Asia’s regulatory environment can be complex, with each country having its own set of laws and regulations. The Chinese government’s regulations on foreign investments, for example, require businesses to navigate local partnerships and joint ventures. In contrast, markets like Singapore and Hong Kong offer more straightforward regulatory frameworks for foreign companies.

Use our network for your due diligence

With local people in over 30 countries around the world, we can quickly do a regulatory, market and competition assessment in multiple markets at the same time. Connect with Alfred Griffioen to see what we can do and receive a quotation.

Alfred Griffioen

    Your first name

    Last name

    Your company email

    Mobile number

    What is your company website?

    Where is your company based?

    What can we do for you?

    This site is protected by reCAPTCHA, our privacy policy, the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.

    Research topics for new markets

    Where it comes to assessing the viability of a product or service in a new market, we always look at the following aspects:

    1. Regulatory compliance

    Can the product be imported and sold in the country, what are import duties and are there any restrictions on service delivery? What are the investments to comply to all regulations? 

    2. Market needs

    Is there a genuine demand for this product or service in the market and which aspects are decisive for the customers? What are common channels for marketing and sales?

    3. Competition

    How fierce is the competition and is there a clear market leader? Is there room for a new entrant and what happened to other companies trying to penetrate the market?

    4. Investments

    What steps are needed to enter the market and what are the related costs. How quickly can you expect revenue and what is a reasonable pay-back time?

    We make these assessment with local people in over 30 countries around the world, who report in a similar way. This way you get a good comparison and you can total up the investments needed for global growth.

    Comparing performance in existing markets

    If the company the we are assessing already has sales in different countries, we can determine distributor performance or sales staff performance. 

    We do this by correcting the actual turnover with data about:

    • the buying power in the market;
    • the geographical reach of the distributor or sales team;
    • the competition intensity;
    • the number of years active in the market.

    Combining the data of the various countries over time leads to a growth curve where overperformers and underperformers can be easily identified.

    We can then do selective interviews what causes any underperformance, and you can take corrective measures.

    A curve like this also helps to estimate the potential in a new market. 

    Turnover growth curve
    Share of wallet data comparison

    Before you focus only on Asia

    Please note that there are many countries in the world and the biggest ones or the ones nearby are not automatically the best choice. It all depends of the market growth, the competition and the barriers for entry. 

    Therefore I would advise you to make a short-list of at least three, but preferably five potential new markets and compare them against the same criteria.

    Frequently asked questions

    As in any country, also in Asia it is important to build your judgement on knowledge of the local situation. Given the population size, buying power, competition and local preferences, what is the real potential of the market?
    First look what elements make the market in Asia special. Then you can prioritize your time and look at regulations, competition, market growth and investments needed to grow your market share.