Commercial due diligence in Japan

If you are going to invest in a company with international expansion plans, you want to make sure that their product or service has good chances of being successful in the countries where you have ambitions.

This of course is also important for Japan. Only with the right knowledge about demand, competition and regulations it is wise to invest in market entry.
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Business opportunities in Japan

Japan, the world’s third-largest economy, is a global hub for innovation, technology, and consumer markets. With a highly urbanized and affluent population, Japan offers significant opportunities for businesses. However, its unique cultural and regulatory environment requires thorough preparation.

Key Market Numbers

Japan’s economic strength and high standard of living make it an attractive but competitive market. Below are key statistics:

  • Population: Approximately 125 million (2023).
  • GDP per capita: Around $40,000 USD (2023), indicating high purchasing power.
  • Urbanization: Over 91% of the population lives in urban areas, with Tokyo being the world’s largest metropolitan area.
  • Economic Structure: Services contribute around 70% of GDP, followed by manufacturing and agriculture. Key industries include automotive, electronics, robotics, and advanced materials.
  • Ageing Population: Japan has one of the oldest populations globally, with 29% aged 65 or older, creating opportunities in healthcare, robotics, and senior-friendly products.

Language and Documentation

Language and cultural understanding are critical for success in Japan.

  • Official Language: Japanese is the official language, and proficiency in it is essential for effective communication in most sectors.
  • Language Considerations: While English is used in some business contexts, especially in international companies and among younger professionals, Japanese is the preferred language for marketing, negotiations, and consumer-facing materials.
  • Packaging and Documentation: Product labels and manuals must be in Japanese, complying with stringent regulations. Non-Japanese materials are often seen as unprofessional or inaccessible, especially in consumer-focused industries.

Consumer and B2B Buying Behavior

Japan’s consumers and businesses exhibit unique behaviors influenced by tradition, quality expectations, and technological adoption.

  • Consumer Behavior: Japanese consumers prioritize quality, reliability, and brand reputation. Sustainability is becoming increasingly important, particularly among younger generations. Online retail accounts for approximately 13% of total sales (2023), with Rakuten and Amazon Japan being dominant platforms.
  • B2B Buying Behavior: Japanese businesses emphasize trust, long-term relationships, and attention to detail. Decision-making processes are often hierarchical and time-consuming, requiring patience and persistence. Personal meetings and formal presentations are highly valued.
  • Online Presence: A localized online presence, including a Japanese-language website and activity on platforms like LINE (a popular messaging app), is essential for both B2C and B2B engagement.

Market Challenges and Opportunities

Japan offers significant opportunities, but its market also presents unique challenges for foreign businesses.

  • Products/Services that May Struggle: Products that do not meet Japan’s high standards for quality, safety, and precision may struggle. Overly casual or non-traditional approaches to branding may also face resistance.
  • Test Market Potential: Japan is an excellent test market for high-quality, innovative products due to its discerning consumers. However, success requires careful localization, including adapting products, packaging, and messaging to align with Japanese tastes and cultural norms.
  • Regulatory Environment: Japan’s regulations can be complex, particularly in sectors like food, pharmaceuticals, and electronics. Companies must comply with standards for safety, labeling, and consumer protection, often requiring collaboration with local partners or consultants.

Use our network for your due diligence

With local people in over 30 countries around the world, we can quickly do a regulatory, market and competition assessment in multiple markets at the same time. Connect with Alfred Griffioen to see what we can do and receive a quotation.

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    Research topics for new markets

    Where it comes to assessing the viability of a product or service in a new market, we always look at the following aspects:

    1. Regulatory compliance

    Can the product be imported and sold in the country, what are import duties and are there any restrictions on service delivery? What are the investments to comply to all regulations? 

    2. Market needs

    Is there a genuine demand for this product or service in the market and which aspects are decisive for the customers? What are common channels for marketing and sales?

    3. Competition

    How fierce is the competition and is there a clear market leader? Is there room for a new entrant and what happened to other companies trying to penetrate the market?

    4. Investments

    What steps are needed to enter the market and what are the related costs. How quickly can you expect revenue and what is a reasonable pay-back time?

    We make these assessment with local people in over 30 countries around the world, who report in a similar way. This way you get a good comparison and you can total up the investments needed for global growth.

    Comparing performance in existing markets

    If the company the we are assessing already has sales in different countries, we can determine distributor performance or sales staff performance. 

    We do this by correcting the actual turnover with data about:

    • the buying power in the market;
    • the geographical reach of the distributor or sales team;
    • the competition intensity;
    • the number of years active in the market.

    Combining the data of the various countries over time leads to a growth curve where overperformers and underperformers can be easily identified.

    We can then do selective interviews what causes any underperformance, and you can take corrective measures.

    A curve like this also helps to estimate the potential in a new market. 

    Turnover growth curve
    Share of wallet data comparison

    Before you focus only on Japan

    Please note that there are many countries in the world and the biggest ones or the ones nearby are not automatically the best choice. It all depends of the market growth, the competition and the barriers for entry. 

    Therefore I would advise you to make a short-list of at least three, but preferably five potential new markets and compare them against the same criteria.

    Frequently asked questions

    As in any country, also in Japan it is important to build your judgement on knowledge of the local situation. Given the population size, buying power, competition and local preferences, what is the real potential of the market?
    First look what elements make the market in Japan special. Then you can prioritize your time and look at regulations, competition, market growth and investments needed to grow your market share.